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take the rank of

  • 1 sequor

        sequor (P. praes. gen. plur. sequentūm, V.), secūtus (-quūtus), ī, dep.    [SEC-], to follow, come after, follow after, attend, accompany: I prae, sequor, T.: cum omnibus suis carris, Cs.: servi sequentes, H.: hos falcati currūs sequebantur, Cu.: me intro hac, T.: signa, to march, S.: Ne sequerer moechas, H.: vallem, L.: scrutantīs quā evellant telum non sequitur, i. e. cannot be drawn out, L.: trahit manu lignum; Id vix sequitur, O.: zonā bene te secutā, i. e. which you fortunately have worn, H.— To follow, succeed, come after, come next: sequitur hunc annum Caudina pax, L.: ut male posuimus initia, sic cetera sequuntur: tonitrum secuti nimbi, O.: quae sequuntur, and so forth: sequitur illa divisio, ut, etc.— To go to, seek, be bound for, have for a destination: Formias nunc sequimur: loca, Cs.: Italiam, V.: Rura, O.— To follow, chase, pursue: finem sequendi, Cs.: facere: hanc pestem agmen sequebatur: hostīs, Cs.: (te) fugacem, H.: feras, O.— To follow, fall to the share of, belong to: ut urbes captae Aetolos sequerentur, L.: heredes monumentum ne sequeretur, H.: quo minus petebat gloriam, eo magis illa sequebatur, S.—Fig., to follow, succeed, result, ensue: si verbum sequi volumus, hoc intellegamus necesse est, etc.: patrem sequuntur liberi, take the rank of, L.: damnatum poenam sequi oportebat, ut, etc., to befall, Cs.: modo ne summa turpitudo sequatur, ensue: ex hac re, L.— To follow, take as guide, comply with, accede to, obey, imitate, adopt, conform to: sententiam Scipionis, Cs.: vos vestrum<*> que factum omnia deinceps municipia sunt secuta, have imitated, Cs.: Crassi auctoritatem: quid? iudices non crimina, non testīs sequentur? shall be influenced by: naturam: victricia arma, V.: me auctorem: non lingua valet... nec vox aut verba sequuntur, i. e. obey the will, V.— To follow, pursue, strive after, aim at, seek: iustitiam: amoenitatem: Caesaris gratiam, Cs.: linguam et nomen, L.: Mercedes, H.: ferro extrema, V.—Of an inference, to follow, be proved: ut sequatur vitam beatam virtute confici: hoc sequitur, ut familia Tulli concidi oportuerit?: non enim sequitur, ut, etc.— To follow naturally, come easily, be readily controlled, be obtained without effort: oratio ita flexibilis, ut sequatur, quocumque torqueas: nihil est quod tam facile sequatur quocumque ducas, quam oratio: Verbaque provisam rem non invita sequentur, H.
    * * *
    sequi, secutus sum V DEP
    follow; escort/attend/accompany; aim at/reach after/strive for/make for/seek; support/back/side with; obey, observe; pursue/chase; range/spread over; attain

    Latin-English dictionary > sequor

  • 2 cēdō

        cēdō cessī, cessus, ere    [1 CAD-], to go from, give place, remove, withdraw, go away, depart, retire: cedam atque abibo: ex ingratā civitate: patriā: carinā, Ct.: per ora (hominum), i. e. to be seen, H.: Siciliā sibi omni cedi, to be evacuated, L.: cedere foro, to leave the exchange, i. e. be bankrupt, Iu.: alicui hortorum possessione, i. e. to cede, assign: ut possessionibus cederent: loco cedere, to retreat, N.: ex acie, abandon, L.: locum ex quo cesserant repetunt, L.: cedentes insequi, the retreating enemy, Cs.—Fig., to pass away, go from, drop out, vanish: vitā, die: e vitā: horae quidem cedunt et dies, elapse: memoriā, be forgotten, L.: fiducia cessit Quo tibi, diva, mei? V. —To come to, fall ( as a possession), to fall to the lot of, accrue: ut is quaestus huic cederet: quae captae urbi cessura forent, L.: regnorum cessit Pars Heleno, V.: undae cesserunt piscibus habitandae, O.: summa rerum in ducem cessit, Ta.: aurum in paucorum praedam cessisse, L.: quod cedit in altera iura, H.—To result, happen, turn out, fall out, work: gesta quae prospere ei cesserunt, were successful, N.: neque insidiae prospere cessere, S.: prout prima cessissent, in proportion to his success at the outset, Ta.: Quā Parcae sinebant Cedere res Latio, V.: neque si male cesserat, neque si bene, H.—With in and acc, to take the place of, supply the want of, be a substitute for: poena in vicem fidei cesserat, L.: victoribus fortuna in sapientiam cessit, Ta.: epulae pro stipendio cedunt, are taken in commutation, Ta. — To yield, give place: quasi locum dare et cedere: pete cedentem aëra disco, H.: in tutum, L.: cedere nescius, H.: pars cedere, alii insequi, S.: huc omnis aratri Cessit amor, i. e. to warlike zeal, V.— With dat, to yield to, retreat before, submit to, be overcome by: Viriatho exercitūs nostri imperatoresque cesserunt: hosti, N.: comites, quibus ensis et ignis Cesserunt, i. e. who were unharmed, O.: fortunae, S.: loco iniquo, non hosti cessum, L.: Tu ne cede malis, succumb, V.—To yield in rank, be inferior: nullā re cedens caelestibus: virtute nostris, Cs.: laudibus lanificae artis, O.: in re nullā Agesilao, N.: ut non multum Graecis cederetur, were not inferior.—To comply with, yield to, obey, conform to: auctoritati viri: cessit tibi blandienti Cerberus, H.: deae, O.: Cedo equidem, I comply, V.—To grant, concede, allow, give up, yield, permit: aliquid amicitiae: currum ei, L.: cessit patribus, ut in praesentiā tribuni crearentur, L.
    * * *
    I
    give/bring here!/hand over, come (now/here); tell/show us, out with it! behold!
    II
    cedere, cessi, cessus V
    go/pass (from/away); withdraw/retire/leave; step aside/make way; take place of; grant, concede, yield, submit; fall back/to; happen/result; start (period)

    Latin-English dictionary > cēdō

  • 3 accenseo

    ac-censĕo ( ŭi), nsum, 2, v. a., to reckon to or among, to add to; as a verb. finit. very rare:

    numine sub dominae lateo atque accenseor illi,

    i. e. I am her companion, Ov. M. 15, 546; and: accensi, qui his accensebantur, id est attribuebantur, Non. 520, 7.—But hence in frequent use, ac-census, a, um, P. a., reckoned among, or subst. accensus, i., m.
    A.
    One who attends another of higher rank, an attendant, follower; hence, a state officer who attended one of the highest magistrates (consul, proconsul, praetor, etc.) at Rome or in the provinces, for the purpose of summoning parties to court, maintaining order and quiet during its sessions, and proclaiming the hours; an apparitor, attendant, orderly (on account of this office, Varr. 6, § 89 Müll., would derive the word from accieo), Varr. ap. Non. 59, 2 sq.; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4 and 7; id. Att. 4, 16; Liv. 45, 29, 2; Suet. Caes. 20 al.—The person to whom one is accensus is annexed in dat. or gen.:

    qui tum accensus Neroni fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 28:

    libertus, accensus Gabinii,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 12. The Decurions and Centurions also [p. 16] had their accensi as aids, Varr. L. L. 7, § 58 Müll.;

    also at funerals, as leader of the procession,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61. Cf. on the accensi, Necker's Antiq. 2, 2, p. 375 sq.—
    B.
    accensi, a kind of reserve troops who followed the army as supernumeraries (= ascripticii, or, in later times, supernumerarii), to take the place of those who fell in battle. They had no arms, and were only clothed with the military cloak, and hence called velati: quia vestiti et inermes sequuntur exercitum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 369 Müll.; they used in battle only slings and stones. They were also employed in constructing public roads. Cf. Mommsen, Degli Accensi Velati, in Annali del. Inst. vol. xxi. (1849), p. 209 sq.; and Necker's Antiq. 3, 2, p. 242 sq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > accenseo

  • 4 accensi

    ac-censĕo ( ŭi), nsum, 2, v. a., to reckon to or among, to add to; as a verb. finit. very rare:

    numine sub dominae lateo atque accenseor illi,

    i. e. I am her companion, Ov. M. 15, 546; and: accensi, qui his accensebantur, id est attribuebantur, Non. 520, 7.—But hence in frequent use, ac-census, a, um, P. a., reckoned among, or subst. accensus, i., m.
    A.
    One who attends another of higher rank, an attendant, follower; hence, a state officer who attended one of the highest magistrates (consul, proconsul, praetor, etc.) at Rome or in the provinces, for the purpose of summoning parties to court, maintaining order and quiet during its sessions, and proclaiming the hours; an apparitor, attendant, orderly (on account of this office, Varr. 6, § 89 Müll., would derive the word from accieo), Varr. ap. Non. 59, 2 sq.; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4 and 7; id. Att. 4, 16; Liv. 45, 29, 2; Suet. Caes. 20 al.—The person to whom one is accensus is annexed in dat. or gen.:

    qui tum accensus Neroni fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 28:

    libertus, accensus Gabinii,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 12. The Decurions and Centurions also [p. 16] had their accensi as aids, Varr. L. L. 7, § 58 Müll.;

    also at funerals, as leader of the procession,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61. Cf. on the accensi, Necker's Antiq. 2, 2, p. 375 sq.—
    B.
    accensi, a kind of reserve troops who followed the army as supernumeraries (= ascripticii, or, in later times, supernumerarii), to take the place of those who fell in battle. They had no arms, and were only clothed with the military cloak, and hence called velati: quia vestiti et inermes sequuntur exercitum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 369 Müll.; they used in battle only slings and stones. They were also employed in constructing public roads. Cf. Mommsen, Degli Accensi Velati, in Annali del. Inst. vol. xxi. (1849), p. 209 sq.; and Necker's Antiq. 3, 2, p. 242 sq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > accensi

  • 5 redigo

    rĕd-ĭgo, ēgi, actum, 3, v. a. [ago].
    I.
    To drive, lead, or bring back (syn. reduco).
    A.
    Lit.:

    (Sol) Disjectos redegit equos,

    Lucr. 5, 403:

    si materiem nostram collegerit aetas Post obitum, rursumque redegerit, ut sita nunc est,

    bring it back, restore it to its present condition, id. 3, 848:

    filia parva duas redigebat rupe capellas,

    Ov. F. 4, 511:

    tauros in gregem,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; cf.:

    in sua rura boves,

    Ov. F. 3, 64:

    oppidani (hostem) fusum fugatumque in castra redigunt,

    Liv. 21, 9:

    hostium equitatum in castra,

    id. 26, 10:

    turbam ferro in hostes,

    id. 37, 43:

    aliquem Capuam,

    id. 26, 12 fin.:

    aliquem in exsilium,

    Just. 9, 4, 7. —
    B.
    Trop.:

    rem ad pristinam belli rationem redegit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.:

    annum neglegentia conturbatum ad pristinam rationem,

    Suet. Aug. 31:

    disciplinam militarem ad priscos mores,

    Liv. 8, 6 fin.: aliquid ad ultimam sui generis formam speciemque, Cic. Or. 3, 10:

    omnia redegit in singulas rationes praeceptionis,

    Auct. Her. 4, 2, 3:

    aliquem in concordiam,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 13:

    vos in gratiam,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 73:

    tu, qui ais, redige in memoriam,

    recall it to my mind, id. ib. 2, 3, 36:

    in memoriam,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 7, 18; id. Fam. 1, 9, 9:

    (poëtae) formidine fustis Ad bene dicendum delectandumque redacti,

    brought back, reduced, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 155.—Far more freq.,
    II.
    (With the idea of agere predominant; cf. recido and redeo, II.) To get together, call in, collect, raise, receive, take a sum of money or the like by selling, etc.:

    cum omnem pecuniam ex aerario exhausissetis, ex vectigalibus redegissetis, ab omnibus regibus coëgissetis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 36, 98; cf.:

    pecuniam ex bonis patriis,

    id. Phil. 13, 5, 10;

    and simply pecuniam,

    id. Rab. Post. 13, 37; Hor. Epod. 2, 69:

    omne argentum tibi,

    to scrape together, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 23:

    bona vendit, pecuniam redigit... pecunia, quam ex Agonidis bonis redegisset,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16, 56; cf. Liv. 5, 16:

    quod omnis frumenti copia decumarum nomine penes istum esset redacta, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 171:

    fructus,

    Dig. 36, 4, 5, § 22 (after colere agros); 22, 1, 46; cf.:

    pars maxima (praedae) ad quaestorem redacta est,

    Liv. 5, 19:

    fructus ad eum,

    Dig. 10, 2, 51:

    quicquid captum ex hostibus est, vendidit Fabius, consul, ac redegit in publicum,

    paid it into the public treasury, Liv. 2, 42:

    venditum sub hastā in aerarium,

    id. 4, 53:

    (patres) victi irā vetuere reddi (bona regia), vetuere in publicum redigi,

    id. 2, 5, 1; cf.:

    praedam in fiscum,

    Tac. H. 4, 72:

    aliquid in commune,

    Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 6.—
    B.
    To bring or reduce a thing to any condition, circumstance, etc.; to make or render it so and so (cf. reddo); constr. with in (so most freq.), ad, sub, an adv. of place, absol., or with a double acc.
    (α).
    With in:

    viros in servitutem,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 47:

    Aeduos in servitutem,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 14, 3:

    in pristinam sortem servitutis,

    Just. 6, 5, 1:

    vidulum in potestatem alicujus,

    Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 22:

    civitatem in potestatem,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 13 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 24 fin.; 45; Cic. Quint. 55, 152; id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33; Tac. Agr. 18; Vell. 2, 94, 4; cf.:

    civitatem in dicionem potestatemque populi Romani,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 34 fin.:

    aliquos in dicionem,

    Cic. Balb. 10, 25; Liv. 41, 19:

    gentes in dicionem hujus imperii,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 13:

    Arvernos in provinciam,

    to reduce to a province, Caes. B. G. 1, 45; 7, 77 fin.; cf.:

    partem Britanniae, etc., in formam provinciae,

    Tac. Agr. 14; Suet. Caes. 25; id. Aug. 18; id. Tib. 37 fin.; id. Calig. 1; Liv. Epit. 45; 93:

    in formulam provinciae,

    Vell. 2, 38, 1:

    in formam praefecturae,

    id. 2, 44, 4:

    in id redactus sum loci, Ut, etc.,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 86; cf.:

    republicā in tranquillum redactā,

    Liv. 3, 40; and:

    mentem in veros timores,

    Hor. C. 1, 37, 15:

    si hoc genus (pecuniarum) in unum redigatur,

    be brought into one mass, Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 13:

    dispositio est, per quam illa, quae invenimus, in ordinem redigimus,

    reduce to order, Auct. Her. 3, 9, 16; cf.:

    arbores in ordinem certaque intervalla,

    Quint. 8, 3, 9; but: ut veteres grammatici auctores alios in ordinem redegerint, alios omnino exemerint numero, brought, admitted into the rank of classics (cf. Gr. enkrinein; opp. numero eximere = ekkrinein):

    libertinos in equestrem ordinem,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 18; Just. 5, 6, 5; Quint. 1, 4, 3;

    for which: redigere aliquem (poëtam) in numerum,

    id. 10, 1, 54;

    also,

    to lower, degrade, Suet. Vesp. 15; v. ordo; cf. Liv. ap. Prisc. 1173 P.; Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5:

    quod prosa scriptum redigere in quaedam versiculorum genera,

    Quint. 9, 4, 52:

    in hanc consuetudinem memoriā exercitatione redigendā,

    id. 11, 2, 45:

    servos, in dominium nostrum,

    Dig. 1, 5, 5:

    in nihilum redigam te, et non eris,

    Vulg. Ezech. 26, 21:

    in cinerem,

    id. 2 Pet. 2, 6: provinciam in solitudinem, Lact. de Ira Dei, 5, 4.—
    (β).
    With ad:

    aliquem ad inopiam redigere,

    to reduce to poverty, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 56:

    aliquem ad incitas,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 85; id. Trin. 2, 4, 136:

    genus id ad interitum,

    Lucr. 5, 877; Cic. ap. Lact. 7, 11, 5; cf.:

    prope ad internecionem gente ac nomine Nerviorum redacto,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 28:

    ad nihilum redigere,

    Vulg. Psa. 72, 20:

    victoriam ad vanum et irritum,

    to render empty and useless, Liv. 26, 37 fin.: cf.: [p. 1541] spem ad irritum, id. 28, 31:

    aliquid ante dubium ad certum,

    to render certain, id. 44, 15:

    carnes excrescentes ad aequalitatem,

    Plin. 30, 13, 39, § 113 (shortly afterwards reducunt); cf.:

    cicatrices ad planum,

    id. 20, 9, 36, § 93:

    aliquem ad desperationem,

    Suet. Aug. 81; Just. 6, 5, 7 et saep.:

    redegit se ad pallium et crepidas,

    Suet. Tib. 13.—
    (γ).
    With sub:

    Galliam sub populi Romani imperium,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29, 4:

    Corcyram sub imperium Atheniensium,

    Nep. Timoth. 2, 1:

    barbaros sub jus dicionemque,

    Liv. 28, 21:

    incolas ejus insulae sub potestatem Atheniensium,

    Nep. Milt. 1, 4; 2 fin.; id. Paus. 2, 4; id. Pelop. 5:

    totam Italiam sub se,

    id. Flor. 1, 9, 8:

    GENTES SVB IMPERIVM,

    Inscr. Grut. 226.—
    (δ).
    With adv. of place:

    eo redigis me, ut, etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 23:

    eo, ut,

    Flor. 1, 2, 4:

    hem! Quo redactus sum!

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 7.—
    (ε).
    Absol.: ut credam, redigunt animum mihi argumenta, Att. ap. Non. 174, 10 (Trag. Rel. v. 516 Rib.): ut ejus animum retundam, redigam, ut, quo se vortat, nesciat, bring it down, so that, etc., Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 73; Lucr. 1, 553.—
    (ζ).
    With double acc., to make or render a thing something (very rare;

    more freq. reddere): quae facilia ex difficillimis animi magnitudo redegerat,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 27 fin.:

    (Ubios) Suevi multo humiliores infirmioresque redegerunt,

    id. ib. 4, 3 fin.; Aus. Mos. 224.—
    2.
    In designations of number, etc., pregn., to bring within a number or extent; to lessen, diminish, reduce:

    familiam jam ad paucos redactam paene ab interitu vindicasti,

    Cic. Marcell. 4, 10; cf.:

    redigere omnis fere in quadrum numerumque sententias,

    id. Or. 61, 208:

    hosce ipsos (libros octo) utiliter ad sex libros redegit Diophanes,

    reduced, abridged, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 10:

    ex hominum milibus LX. vix ad D.... sese redactos esse dixerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 28:

    ad semuncias redacta,

    Tac. A. 6, 16:

    judicia ad duo genera judicum redegit,

    Suet. Caes. 41; id. Vesp. 10:

    non ad numerum redigar duorum,

    Ov. M. 6, 199:

    quod si comminuas vilem redigatur ad assem,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 43:

    ne res ad nilum redigantur funditus omnes,

    Lucr. 1, 791; 2, 752; cf. Ov. M. 14, 149:

    rem maximam redigere ad minimum,

    Lact. 3, 9, 15.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > redigo

  • 6 in-nūbō

        in-nūbō nūpsī, nūptus, ere,     to marry into: ea, quo innupsisset (the rank), into which she had married, L.: thalamis nostris, i. e. take my place as wife, O.

    Latin-English dictionary > in-nūbō

  • 7 ab

    ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

    AF VOBEIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 3114;

    AF MVRO,

    ib. 6601;

    AF CAPVA,

    ib. 3308;

    AF SOLO,

    ib. 589;

    AF LYCO,

    ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

    abs chorago,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

    abs quivis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    abs terra,

    Cato, R. R. 51;

    and in compounds: aps-cessero,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

    and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

    id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
    I.
    In space, and,
    II.
    Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
    I.
    Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

    Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    fuga ab urbe turpissima,

    Cic. Att. 7, 21:

    ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

    Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

    illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

    all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

    venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

    Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
    b.
    Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

    oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

    quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

    ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

    protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

    profecti a domo,

    Liv. 40, 33, 2;

    of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

    classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

    Liv. 8, 22, 6;

    of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

    Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

    legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

    id. 24, 40, 2.
    c.
    Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

    Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

    libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

    Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

    id. Att. 7, 24:

    cum a vobis discessero,

    id. Sen. 22:

    multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

    so a fratre,

    id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

    a Pontio,

    Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

    ab ea,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
    B.
    Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
    1.
    Of separation:

    ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

    abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

    tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

    Sall. C. 40, 5:

    absint lacerti ab stabulis,

    Verg. G. 4, 14.—
    2.
    Of distance:

    quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

    nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

    id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

    hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

    terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

    non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

    cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

    qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

    quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

    procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

    tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

    v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

    tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

    id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

    tam prope ab domo detineri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

    onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

    eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

    duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

    id. 37, 38, 5). —
    3.
    To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

    picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

    Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

    pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

    on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

    at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

    erat a septentrionibus collis,

    on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In time.
    1.
    From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

    Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

    Juv. 1,40:

    mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

    immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

    Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

    immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

    ab eo magistratu,

    after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

    a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

    after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

    ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

    confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

    Liv. 30, 36, 1:

    statim a funere,

    Suet. Caes. 85;

    and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

    id. ib. 60:

    protinus ab adoptione,

    Vell. 2, 104, 3:

    Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

    soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

    Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

    i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

    secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

    i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
    2.
    With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

    ab hora tertia bibebatur,

    from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

    infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

    since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

    vixit ab omni aeternitate,

    from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

    cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

    Nep. Att. 5, 3:

    in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

    after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

    centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

    since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

    cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

    id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

    ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

    since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

    diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

    quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

    since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

    jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

    from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

    cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

    a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

    Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

    pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

    from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
    b.
    Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

    qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

    from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

    mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

    a pueritia,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    jam inde ab adulescentia,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

    ab adulescentia,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

    jam a prima adulescentia,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

    ab ineunte adulescentia,

    id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

    followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    a primis temporibus aetatis,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    a teneris unguiculis,

    from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

    usque a toga pura,

    id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

    jam inde ab incunabulis,

    Liv. 4, 36, 5:

    a prima lanugine,

    Suet. Oth. 12:

    viridi ab aevo,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

    rarely of animals: ab infantia,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

    qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

    a pausillo puero,

    id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

    a puero,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

    a pueris,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

    ab adulescente,

    id. Quint. 3, 12:

    ab infante,

    Col. 1, 8, 2:

    a parva virgine,

    Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

    a parvis,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

    a parvulo,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

    ab parvulis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

    ab tenero,

    Col. 5, 6, 20;

    and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
    B.
    In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
    1.
    In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

    qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

    quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    condicionem quam ab te peto,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

    mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

    si quid ab illo acceperis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

    quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab defensione desistere,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

    ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

    id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

    ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

    qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

    the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

    tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

    next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

    Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    quid hoc ab illo differt,

    from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

    hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

    id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

    discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

    id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

    quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

    alieno a te animo fuit,

    id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

    subdole ab re consulit,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

    haut est ab re aucupis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

    non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

    a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    disputata ab eo,

    id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

    illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ita generati a natura sumus,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

    pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

    Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

    niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

    quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

    is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

    salvebis a meo Cicerone,

    i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

    a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

    i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

    ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

    levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

    a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    si calor est a sole,

    id. N. D. 2, 52:

    ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    metu poenae a Romanis,

    Liv. 32, 23, 9:

    bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

    id. 3, 22, 2:

    ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

    id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

    lassus ab equo indomito,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

    Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

    Prop. 5, 1, 126:

    tempus a nostris triste malis,

    time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

    vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

    by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

    ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

    Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

    si postulatur a populo,

    if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

    deseror conjuge,

    Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

    and in prose,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

    ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

    (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
    b.
    With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

    pastores a Pergamide,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

    Turnus ab Aricia,

    Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

    obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

    Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
    c.
    In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

    (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

    id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
    d.
    With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

    da, puere, ab summo,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

    da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

    coepere a fame mala,

    Liv. 4, 12, 7:

    cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

    tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

    a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
    e.
    With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

    a foliis et stercore purgato,

    Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

    tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

    Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

    Liv. 21, 11, 5:

    expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

    haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

    ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

    Sall. C. 32:

    ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

    Liv. 21, 35, 12:

    ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

    Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
    f.
    With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

    el metul a Chryside,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

    ab Hannibale metuens,

    Liv. 23, 36; and:

    metus a praetore,

    id. 23, 15, 7;

    v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

    postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

    you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
    g.
    With verbs of fastening and holding:

    funiculus a puppi religatus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
    h.
    Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

    a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
    i.
    Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

    id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
    j.
    Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

    doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

    a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

    a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

    a frigore laborantibus,

    Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

    laborare ab re frumentaria,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
    k.
    Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

    ab ingenio improbus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

    a me pudica'st,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

    orba ab optimatibus contio,

    Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

    locus copiosus a frumento,

    Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

    sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

    id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

    ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

    id. Brut. 16, 63:

    ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

    so often in poets ab arte=arte,

    artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
    l.
    In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

    linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

    thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

    ab honore,

    id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
    m.
    Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

    ab illo injuria,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

    fulgor ab auro,

    Lucr. 2, 5:

    dulces a fontibus undae,

    Verg. G. 2, 243.
    n.
    In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

    scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    nonnuill ab novissimis,

    id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
    o.
    In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

    qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

    ab eo qui sunt,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

    id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
    p.
    To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

    in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

    one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

    a manu servus,

    a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
    q.
    The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

    a peregre,

    Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

    a foris,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

    ab intus,

    ib. ib. 7, 15:

    ab invicem,

    App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

    a longe,

    Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

    a modo,

    ib. ib. 23, 39;

    Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

    a sursum,

    ib. Marc. 15, 38.
    ► a.
    Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

    Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

    a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

    id. Sen. 6:

    a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

    id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

    res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
    b.
    Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
    c.
    It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

    a vitae periculo,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

    a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    a minus bono,

    Sall. C. 2, 6:

    a satis miti principio,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4:

    damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

    Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
    d.
    The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

    aque Chao,

    Verg. G. 4, 347:

    aque mero,

    Ov. M. 3, 631:

    aque viro,

    id. H. 6, 156:

    aque suis,

    id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

    a meque,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

    abs teque,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

    a teque,

    id. ib. 8, 11, §

    7: a primaque adulescentia,

    id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
    e.
    A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
    III.
    In composition ab,
    1.
    Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
    2.
    It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

  • 8 sīgnum

        sīgnum ī, n    a mark, token, sign, indication, proof: ostendisti signa nutrici? (i. e. crepundia), T.: fures earum rerum, quas ceperunt, signa commutant: in amicis deligendis habere quasi signa et notas, quibus eos iudicarent, etc.: pecori signum inpressit, V.: nulla ad speluncum signa ferebant, footprints, V.: dicere deos gallis signum dedisse cantandi: color pudoris signum, T.: timoris signa mittere, display, Cs.: Magnum hoc quoque signum est, dominam esse extra noxiam, T.: id erit signi me invitum facere, quod, etc.: quid signi?—A military standard, ensign, banner: signo amisso, Cs.: ut neque signiferi viam, nec signa milites cernerent, L.: Inter signa militaria, H.: signa sequi, to march in rank, S.: signa subsequi, to keep the order of battle, Cs.: signa servare, L.: ab signis discedere, to leave the ranks, Cs.: volonum exercitus ab signis discessit, disbanded, L.: signa relinquere, to run away, S.: signa ferre, i. e. to decamp, Cs.: mota e castris signa eorum, qui, etc., i. e. an advance of the troops, etc., L.: Signa movet, advances, V.: ferte signa in hostem, attack, L.: signa constituere, halt, Cs.: signa proferre, advance, L.: Romani conversa signa bipertito intulerunt, i. e. wheeled and attacked in two columns, Cs.: signa patriae inferens: qui signa contulit, engaged in close fight: conlatis signis, in regular battle: conlatis militaribus signis, having brought together, etc., Cs.: signa in laevum cornu confert, concentrates his troops, L.: signa transferre, to desert, Cs.: signa convellere, to take up the standards (from the ground), L.: legionem sub signis ducere, in rank and file: ante signa inter primores, in front of the army, L.—Esp., the standard of a cohort, ensign of a maniple (cf. aquila, the standard of the legion): cum fascīs, cum signa militaria (praemissa).—A cohort, maniple: unius signi milites, L.—A sign, signal, call, watchword, password: signum tubā dare, Cs.: receptui dare, L.: proeli exposcere, Cs.: concinere, Cs.: canere, S.: signum mittendis quadrigis dare (for the start in a race), L.: it bello tessera signum, V.—A sign, token, omen, prognostic, symptom: medici signa quaedam habent ex venis aegroti: Morborum signa docebo, V.: prospera signa dare, O.—An image, figure, statue, picture: Iovis Statoris: expressi voltūs per aënea signa, H.: palla signis auroque rigens, V. —A device on a seal, seal, signet: notum signum, imago avi tui, etc.: Imprimat his signa tabellis, H.: litterae integris signis praetoribus traduntur: volumen sub signo habere, under seal.—A sign in the heavens, constellation: signis omnibus ad principium steliisque revocatis: in signo Leonis: signorum obitūs ortūs, V.: pluviale Capellae, O.
    * * *
    battle standard; indication; seal; sign, proof; signal; image, statue

    Latin-English dictionary > sīgnum

  • 9 habeō

        habeō uī (old perf subj. habessit for habuerit, C.), itus, ēre    [HAB-], to have, hold, support, carry, wear: arma: anulum: arma hic paries habebit, H.: coronam in capite: soccos et pallium: catenas: Faenum in cornu, H.: aquilam in exercitu, S.— To have, hold, contain: quod (fanum) habebat auri: non me Tartara habent, V.: quem quae sint habitura deorum Concilia, etc., V.: Quae regio Anchisen habet? V.: quod habet lex in se: suam (nutricem) cinis ater habebat, V.— To have, hold, occupy, inhabit: urbem, S.: arcem: quā Poeni haberent (sc. castra), L.: Hostis habet muros, V. —Of relation or association, to have: in matrimonio Caesenniam: eos in loco patrui: uxores: patrem: (legionem) secum, Cs.: apīs in iubā: mecum scribas: quibus vendant, habere, Cs.: conlegam in praeturā Sophoclem: civitates stipendiarias, Cs.: cognitum Scaevolam: inimicos civīs: duos amicissimos: eum nuptiis adligatum: quem pro quaestore habuit.— To have, be furnished with: voltum bonum, S.: pedes quinque: Angustos aditūs, V.: manicas, V.— To have, hold, keep, retain, detain: haec cum illis sunt habenda (opp. mittenda), T.: si quod accepit habet: Bibulum in obsidione, Cs.: in liberis custodiis haberi, S.: in vinculis habendi, S.: mare in potestate, Cs.: in custodiam habitus, lodged, L.: ordines, preserve, S.: alios in eā fortunā, ut, etc., L.: exercitus sine inperio habitus, S.: Marium post principia, station, S.: Loricam Donat habere viro, gives to keep, V.: inclusum senatum.—Of ownership or enjoyment, to have, own, possess, be master of: agros: Epicratis bona omnia: in Italiā fundum: quod non desit, H.: (divitias) honeste, enjoy, S.: (leges) in monumentis habemus, i. e. are extant: sibi hereditatem: illam suas res sibi habere iussit (the formula of divorcing a wife): in vestrā amicitiā divitias, S.: nos Amaryllis habet, has my love, V.: habeo, non habeor a Laide: habet in nummis, in praediis, is rich: ad habendum nihil satis esse: amor habendi, V.: Unde habeas, quaerit nemo, sed oportet habere, Iu.— To have, get, receive, obtain: a me vitam, fortunas: imperium a populo R.: habeat hoc praemi tua indignitas: granum ex provinciā: plus dapis, H.: Partem opere in tanto, a place, V.: graviter ferit atque ita fatur, Hoc habet, it reaches him, V.: certe captus est, habet! (i. e. volneratus est) T.— To find oneself, be, feel, be situated, be off, come off: se non graviter: bene habemus nos: praeclare se res habebat: quo pacto se habeat provincia: bene habent tibi principia, T.: bene habet, it is well: atqui Sic habet, H.: credin te inpune habiturum? escape punishment, T.: virtus aeterna habetur, abides, S.— To make, render: uti eos manifestos habeant, S.: pascua publica infesta, L.—With P. perf. pass., periphrast. for perf act.: vectigalia redempta, has brought in and holds, Cs.: domitas libidines: quae conlecta habent Stoici: de Caesare satis dictum: pericula consueta, S.: neque ea res falsum me habuit, S.: edita facinora, L.— To treat, use, handle: duriter se, T.: equitatu agmen adversariorum male, Cs.: exercitum luxuriose, S.: eos non pro vanis hostibus, sed liberaliter, S.: saucii maiore curā habiti, L.— To hold, direct, turn, keep: iter hac, T.: iter ad legiones, Cs.— To hold, pronounce, deliver, utter, make: orationem de ratione censoriā: contionem ad urbem: post habitam contionem: gratulationibus habendis celebramur: quae (querelae) apud me de illo habebantur: verba.— To hold, convene, conduct, cause to take place: comitia haberi siturus: senatum, Cs.: censum: Consilium summis de rebus, V.— To hold, govern, administer, manage, wield: rem p., S.: qui cultus habendo Sit pecori, V.: animus habet cuncta, neque ipse habetur, S.: aptat habendo Ensem, V.—Of rank or position, to hold, take, occupy: priores partīs Apud me, T.: Statum de tribus secundarium.—Fig., to have, have in mind, entertain, cherish, experience, exhibit, be actuated by: si quid consili Habet, T.: alienum animum a causā: tantum animi ad audaciam: plus animi quam consili: amorem in rem p.: in consilio fidem: gratiam, gratias habere; see gratia.— To have, have in mind, mean, wish, be able: haec habebam fere, quae te scire vellem, this was in substance what, etc.: haec habui de amicitiā quae dicerem: quod huic responderet, non habebat: haec fere dicere habui de, etc.: illud adfirmare pro certo habeo, L.—Prov.: quā digitum proferat non habet.—With P. fut. pass., to have, be bound: utrumne de furto dicendum habeas, Ta.: si nunc primum statuendum haberemus, Ta. — To have, have in mind, know, be acquainted with, be informed of: regis matrem habemus, ignoramus patrem: habes consilia nostra, such are: In memoriā habeo, I remember, T.: age, si quid habes, V.—With in animo, to have in mind, purpose, intend, be inclined: rogavi, ut diceret quid haberet in animo: istum exheredare in animo habebat: hoc (flumen) transire, Cs.: bello eum adiuvare, L. — To have in mind, hold, think, believe, esteem, regard, look upon: neque vos neque deos in animo, S.: haec habitast soror, T.: alquos magno in honore, Cs.: Iunium (mensem) in metu, be afraid of: omnīs uno ordine Achivos, all alike, V.: hi numero inpiorum habentur, Cs.: quem nefas habent nominare: deos aeternos: habitus non futtilis auctor, V.: cum esset habendus rex: non nauci augurem: cuius auctoritas magni haberetur, Cs.: id pro non dicto habendum, L.: sic habeto, non esse, etc.: non necesse habeo dicere: eam rem habuit religioni, a matter of conscience: ludibrio haberi, T.: duritiam voluptati, regard as pleasure, S.— To have, have received, have acquired, have made, have incurred: a me beneficia, Cs.: tantos progressūs in Stoicis.—With satis, to have enough, be content, be satisfied: sat habeo, T.: a me satis habent, tamen plus habebunt: non satis habitum est, quaeri, etc.— To have, be characterized by, exercise, practise: salem, T.: habet hoc virtus, ut, etc., this is characteristic of merit: locus nihil habet religionis: celerem motum, Cs.: neque modum neque modestiam, S.: silentium haberi iussit, observed, S.: habebat hoc Caesar, quem cognorat, etc., this was Caesar's way: ornamenta dicendi.— To have, involve, bring, render, occasion, produce, excite: primus adventus equitatūs habuit interitum: habet amoenitas ipsa inlecebras: latrocinia nullam habent infamiam, Cs.— To hold, keep, occupy, engage, busy, exercise, inspire: hoc male habet virum, vexes, T.: animalia somnus habebat, V.: sollicitum te habebat cogitatio periculi: Qui (metus) maior absentīs habet, H.— To take, accept, bear, endure: eas (iniurias) gravius aequo, S.: aegre filium id ausum, L.— To keep, reserve, conceal: Non clam me haberet quod, etc., T.: secreto hoc audi, tecum habeto.— To keep, spend, pass: adulescentiam, S.: aetatem procul a re p., S.—With rem, to have to do, be intimate: quocum uno rem habebam, T.
    * * *
    habere, habui, habitus V
    have, hold, consider, think, reason; manage, keep; spend/pass (time)

    Latin-English dictionary > habeō

  • 10 signum

    signum, i, n. [perh. Sanscr. sag-, to cling to, adhere; cf. sigilla].
    I.
    In gen., a mark, token, sign, indication (very frequent in all styles and periods; cf.

    insigne): meo patri torulus inerit aureus Sub petaso: id signum Amphitruoni non erit,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 145 sq.:

    ut eam (nutricem) adducam et signa ostendam haec, i. e. crepundia,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 38; 5, 3, 5:

    ut fures earum rerum, quas ceperunt, signa commutant, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74; so (with notae) id. de Or. 2, 41, 174; id. Lael. 17, 62; cf.:

    omne probabile aut signum est aut credibile... Signum est, quod sub sensum aliquem cadit et quiddam significat, quod ex ipso profectum videtur, etc.,

    id. Inv. 1, 30, 47 sq.:

    aut pecori signum aut numeros inpressit acervis,

    Verg. G. 1, 263; cf.:

    servitii signum cervice gerens,

    Ov. M. 3, 16:

    jaculo mihi vulnera fecit.—Signa vides: apparet adhuc vetus ecce cicatrix,

    Ov. M. 12, 444:

    metam Constituit signum nautis pater, unde reverti Scirent, etc.,

    Verg. A. 5, 130:

    scutum signi gratia positum,

    Quint. 6, 3, 38:

    signa pedum,

    tracks, prints, Ov. M. 4, 543;

    and simply signa,

    Verg. A. 8, 212 al.:

    oculis mihi signum dedit, Ne se appellarem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    dare,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11:

    dicere deos gallis signum dedisse cantandi,

    Cic. Div. 2, 26, 57 al.:

    signa esse ad salutem,

    Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    animi pudentis signum,

    id. Heaut. 1, 1, 68:

    color pudoris signum,

    id. And. 5, 3, 7:

    signa doloris ostendere,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

    mortis dare,

    Lucr. 6, 1182:

    timoris mittere,

    to exhibit, display, Caes. B. C. 1, 71 et saep.—With obj.-clause:

    magnum hoc quoque signum est, dominam esse extra noxiam,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 57; Nep. Att. 17, 2.—In predic. gen. with neutr. pron.: hoc est signi;

    ubi primum poterit, se illinc subducet,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 14:

    id erit signi me invitum facere, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 83; Auct. Her. 4, 5, 8; Cato, R. R. 38, 4; 88, 2:

    nil tamen est signi,

    Lucr. 5, 918; cf.:

    quid signi?

    Cic. Cael. 16, 38, 2.— Hence, a surname, epithet (rare):

    huic signum exercitus apposuit,

    Vop. Am. 6; cf. Capitol. Gord. 4.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    In milit. lang.
    1.
    The distinctive sign of a division of an army.
    a.
    A military standard, ensign, banner (including the aquila):

    signifero interfecto, signo amisso,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25:

    ut neque signiferi viam, nec signa milites cernerent,

    Liv. 33, 7:

    Hasdrubal ut procul signa legionum fulgentia vidit,

    id. 28, 14; 22, 21; Col. 9, 9, 4:

    inter signa militaria,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 15:

    cum unius signi militibus pergit ire,

    Liv. 33, 1:

    signa militaria ex proelio relata,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 99; so,

    militaria,

    id. B. G. 7, 2; Plin. 33, 33, 19, § 58.—

    Hence the expressions: signa sequi,

    to follow the standards, to march in military order, Sall. J. 80, 2; Liv. 24, 48, 11:

    signa subsequi,

    to keep in order of battle, Caes. B. G. 4, 26:

    signa observare,

    Sall. J. 51, 1:

    signa servare,

    Liv. 8, 34, 10; Veg. Mil. 1, 9:

    ab signis discedere,

    to desert the standards, leave the ranks, Caes. B. G. 5, 16; 5, 33 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 44; Liv. 25, 20 al.; cf.:

    ab ordinibus signisque discedere,

    Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3:

    signa relinquere,

    to desert, Sall. C. 9, 4; Liv. 5, 6 al.:

    signa deserere,

    Liv. 8, 34, 9: signa ferre, i. e. to break up the camp, Caes. B. G. 1, 39 fin.; 1, 40; Liv. 2, 49, 3; 10, 5 al.;

    for which: movere signa,

    id. 1, 14, 9; 27, 2, 12; Verg. G. 3, 236; and:

    tollere,

    Vell. 2, 61, 2; Auct. B. Alex. 57, 1;

    but: ferte signa in hostem,

    attack, Liv. 9, 23, 13:

    signa constituere,

    to halt, Caes. B. G. 7, 47; cf.:

    infestis contra hostes signis constiterunt,

    id. ib. 7, 51:

    signa proferre,

    to advance, Liv. 4, 32, 10: signa convertere, to wheel, turn, or face about, Caes. B. G. 1, 25 fin.; 2, 26: Liv. 8, 11; 2, 14; 4, 29; for which, [p. 1698] vertere signa, id. 9, 35:

    signa inferre (in aliquem),

    to advance to the attack, make an assault, Caes. B. G. 1, 25 fin.; 2, 26; 7, 67; id. B. C. 2, 42; Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 23; Sall. J. 56, 5; Liv. 2, 53; 9, 27; 44, 12 al; cf.:

    signa conferre cum aliquo,

    to engage with, engage in close fight, Cic. Att. 7, 5, 5; id. Pis. 21, 49;

    and cf.: collatis signis pugnare, superare aliquem, etc.,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 44; Liv. 1, 33; 2, 50; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 23, 66; but conferre signa also means simply to bring the standards together (to one place), Caes. B. G. 7, 2; 2, 25; Liv. 37, 21:

    signa in laevum cornu confert,

    concentrates his troops, id. 7, 15, 4:

    signa transferre,

    to desert, Caes. B. C. 1, 24: signa convellere, to take up the standards, which had been fixed in the ground, Liv. 3, 7, 3; 3, 54, 10; 5, 37, 4; so,

    vellere signa,

    id. 3, 50, 11; Verg. G. 4, 108:

    revellere signa,

    Luc. 7, 77; cf.:

    signa figere,

    to encamp, Amm. 27, 10, 9:

    defigere signa,

    Sil. 8, 625:

    sub signis ducere legiones, ire, esse, etc.,

    together, in order, in rank and file, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 71 (with ordine); Cic. Att. 16, 8, 2; Liv. 3, 51; Tac. H. 2, 14:

    signa hostium turbare,

    to throw into disorder, Liv. 9, 73:

    ante signa,

    before the army, id. 5, 18; 6, 7; 7, 16:

    post signa,

    id. 2, 49.—
    (β).
    Transf., in gen.:

    infestis prope signis inferuntur Galli in Fonteium,

    Cic. Font. 20, 44 (16, 34).—
    b.
    Esp., the standard or ensign of single cohorts and maniples (opp. aquila, the standard of the entire legion):

    cum fasces, cum tubas, cum signa militaria, cum aquilam illam argenteam... scirem esse praemissam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 13; Galb. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 5; Suet. Calig. 14 fin. Oud.; Tac. A. 1, 18; id. H. 2, 29 fin.; Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 23; Luc. 1, 6; 1, 224 al. (cf. aquila, 2.):

    manipulos exercitus minimas manus quae unum sequuntur signum,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 88 Müll.—
    (β).
    Meton., a cohort, a maniple:

    octo cohortes in fronte constituit, reliquarum signa in subsidio artius collocat,

    Sall. C. 59, 2; Liv. 8, 9; 25, 23 fin.; 33, 1; 27, 14; 28, 14; Auct. B. Hisp. 18, 3.—
    2.
    A sign, signal; a watchword, password, given by a wind-instrument, by the tessera, or otherwise:

    signum tubā dare,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 20; 7, 81:

    proelii committendi dare,

    id. ib. 2, 21:

    recipiendi dare,

    id. ib. 7, 52:

    receptui dare,

    Liv. 4, 31; 26, 45; 3, 22; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

    signum dare ut, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 20; 4, 39:

    proelii exposcere,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

    concinere,

    id. B. C. 3, 92 fin.; Liv. 30, 5; cf. Tac. A. 1, 68:

    canere,

    Sall. C. 59, 1; id. J. 99, 1; Liv. 1, 1; 4, 31; 27, 47; Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 3 al. (v. cano).—For the chariot race:

    signum mittendis quadrigis dare,

    Liv. 8, 40, 3: signum mittere, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107: signo Felicitatis dato, the word, watchword, Felicitas, Auct. B. Afr. 83:

    signum petere,

    Suet. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 42; id. Ner. 9; cf.:

    it bello tessera signum,

    Verg. A. 7, 637.— Transf.:

    tu illam (virtutem) jubes signum petere,

    i. e. to be in subjection, Sen. Ben. 4, 2, 2.—
    B.
    A sign or token of any thing to come; a prognostic, symptom (cf.:

    portentum, indicium): ipse et equus ejus repente concidit: nec eam rem habuit religioni, objecto signo, ut peritis videbatur, ne committeret proelium,

    Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

    medici signa quaedam habent ex venis et ex spiritu aegroti,

    id. ib. 2, 70, 145; cf. Verg. G. 3, 440; 3, 503; 4, 253; Cels. 2, 3:

    prospera signa dare,

    Ov. H. 18 (19), 152.—
    C.
    An image, as a work of art; a figure, statue, picture, etc. (syn.: effigies, imago, simulacrum);

    inerant (classi) signa expressa, Titani quomodo, etc.,

    Naev. 2, 13: statuas deorum, exempla earum facierum, s gna domi pro supellectile statuere, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 782 P.:

    signum pictum in pariete,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 44:

    signum in fano,

    id. Rud. 2, 7, 2:

    aëna signa,

    Lucr. 1, 318:

    ante signum Jovis Statoris concidit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

    signum aeneum, marmoreum, eburneum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1; cf. id. Off. 1, 41, 147; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 248:

    cratera impressum signis,

    Verg. A. 5, 536; 5, 267; 9, 263:

    (vestis) auro signisque ingentibus apta,

    Lucr. 5, 1428:

    ex ornatis aedibus per aulaea et signa,

    Sall. H. 2, 23, 2 Dietsch:

    pallam signis auroque rigentem,

    Verg. A. 1, 648:

    e Pario formatum marmore signum,

    Ov. M. 3, 419; cf. id. ib. 5, 183;

    12, 398: statuas, signa, picturas commendet,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 5.—
    D.
    An image or device on a seal-ring; a seal, signet: ostendi tabellas Lentulo, et quaesivi, cognosceretne signum. Annuit. Est vero, inquam, notum signum, imago avi tui, etc., Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10:

    (patera) in cistulā obsignata signo est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 265; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 117:

    tabulae maximae signis hominum nobilium consignantur,

    id. Quint. 6, 25:

    imprimat his signa tabellis,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 38:

    litterae integris signis praetoribus traduntur,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6; Sall. C. 47, 3:

    signo laeso non insanire lagenae,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 134:

    volumen sub signo habere,

    to have under seal, Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4; cf.:

    sub signo claustrisque rei publicae positum vectigal,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 21:

    nec pacta conventaque inpressis signis custodirentur,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 15, 1:

    cum sol duodena peregit signa,

    Ov. M. 13, 618.—
    E.
    A sign in the heavens, a constellation (cf. sidus):

    caeli subter labentia signa,

    Lucr. 1, 2:

    loca caelio Omnia, dispositis signis ornata,

    id. 5, 695:

    signorum ortus et obitus,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

    signis omnibus ad idem principium stellisque revocatis,

    id. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

    in signo leonis,

    id. Div. 1, 53, 121:

    signorum obitus speculari et ortus,

    Verg. G. 1, 257; id. A. 7, 138:

    signum pluviale Capellae,

    Ov. F. 5, 113:

    ponemusque suos ad vaga signa dies,

    id. ib. 1, 310:

    nox caelo diffundere signa parabat,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 10; cf. id. C. 2, 8, 11.—
    F.
    Miraculous works (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Dan. 3, 99; id. Matt. 24, 24; id. Joan. 2, 11 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > signum

  • 11 sagum

    săgum, i, n. (ante-class. collat. form săgus, i, m., corresp. to the Greek, Enn. and Varr. ap. Non. 223, 30 sq.; Afran. ap. Charis. p. 81 P.; fem.: sagas caerulas, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 81 P.; but it would perh. be more correct to read sagos caerulos; cf. Enn. p. 182, 54 Vahl.), = sagos [acc. to Polybius, a Celtic word, whence the Engl. shag], a coarse woollen blanket or mantle (cf. laena), e. g. of servants, Cato, R. R. 59; Col. 1, 8, 9; Dig. 34, 2, 23 fin.;

    of the Germans,

    Tac. G. 17;

    for horses,

    Veg. Vet. 1, 42, 4; 3, 15, 16; but most freq. of soldiers, a military cloak:

    valde metuo ne frigeas in hibernis... praesertim qui sagis non abundares,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 10, 2; Caes. B. C. 1, 75; Liv. 10, 30 fin.:

    saga fibulatoria,

    Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10.—Hence, saga is a sign of war (as toga is a sign of peace) in the phrases:
    a.
    Saga sumere, to put on the saga, i.q. to take up arms, prepare for battle (it was the custom for all Romans to do this, in token of preparation for war, even those who were not going to the field, excepting persons of consular rank; cf. Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32; id. Fragm. ap. Non. 538, 27):

    tumultum decerni, justitium edici, saga sumi dico oportere, delectum habere, etc.,

    id. Phil. 5, 12, 31; 14, 1, 2; Liv. Epit. 72:

    terrā marique victus hostis punico Lugubre mutavit sagum,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 28; in sing., of an individual:

    tum iste (Verres) excitatus sagum sumit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94.—
    b.
    In the same signif.:

    ad saga ire,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 1; cf. Vell. 2, 16, 3.—
    c.
    In sagis esse, to be under arms:

    cum est in sagis civitas,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32.—
    d.
    Saga ponere, to lay down one ' s arms, Liv. Epit. 73.—
    II.
    In gen. (eccl. Lat.), a covering.
    1.
    A curtain, tent-cover, Vulg. Exod. 26, 7; 36, 14, etc.—
    2.
    A garment, Vulg. Judic. 3, 16.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sagum

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